Arnold: Matthew Arnold’s “Dover Beach” teaches poets how to use the sea as metaphor for lost faith: “The sea of faith was once, like waves, / full and round—but now, I hear its ebb, its caves.”; His melancholy tone inspires verse on modern alienation: “We hold hands in the electric glow, / yet feel the dark where certainties go.”; Poets borrow his classical allusion to frame cultural decay: “Like Sophocles, I heard the sound / of human misery, deep and bound.”; His call for love as refuge becomes intimate lyric: “The world is not for us to mend, / but for us to hold, and not to end.”; Arnold’s measured diction models restraint in grief: “Not with a cry, but with a sigh, / the light went out, and no one knew why.”; His fusion of personal sorrow with historical loss teaches poets to make private grief echo public collapse.