Exteriority in philosophy is most systematically developed in Levinas's work, particularly "Totality and Infinity," whose subtitle is "An Essay on Exteriority." For Levinas, the fundamental error of Western philosophy has been the reduction of the exterior Other to the Same — the assimilation of genuine otherness into the categories of the self. Against this, Levinas argues for the infinity of the Other — the Other's exteriority is irreducible to any interior concept. In Hegel's philosophy, exteriority (Äusserlichkeit) is what spirit must pass through and overcome on its way to genuine interiority — nature is the externalization (Entäusserung) of
the Idea. Derrida's concept of the supplement
shows how the apparently exterior turns out to be constitutive of what it supplements — the exterior is not added on but makes the interior possible. For poets, exteriority raises the question of what lies genuinely
outside — outside the self, outside language, outside representation. Related terms: Levinas's infinity, totality, Derrida's supplement, alienation, the outside, immanence.