kine

Archaic Terms
Pronunciation

Understanding ARPABET Pronunciation

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The pronunciation guide uses the ARPABET phonetic system—the same system used in speech recognition and text-to-speech applications.

Vowel Examples:
AE1 = cat, bat
EH1 = bed, head
IY1 = see, me
OW1 = go, boat
UW1 = boot, do
Stress Numbers:
0 = no stress (unstressed)
1 = primary stress (loud)
2 = secondary stress (medium)
Example:
AH0 TH IY1 N AH0
= a-THEE-na (Athena)

The stressed syllable (marked with 1) is pronounced louder and clearer than others.

Quick Definition

An archaic plural of "cow," referring to cattle collectively, used in older pastoral and biblical poetry.

Detailed Definition
Kine is the Old English plural of "cu" (cow), surviving into Early Modern English and appearing frequently in the King James Bible and pastoral verse. Its retention in poetry long after common usage faded stems from its monosyllabic compactness and its resonance with ancient rural life. Poets such as Milton and Tennyson employed kine to evoke an idealized agrarian world, lending their verse a timeless, scriptural quality. The word carries connotations of abundance and natural bounty—flocks and kine representing the wealth of a pastoral civilization. Its archaic ring also signals a deliberate reaching back to classical or biblical precedent, situating the poem within a tradition of sacred and pastoral literature that celebrated the harmony between humanity and the land.
Example
Example in poetry:
The King James Bible's use of kine — "seven fat kine" in Pharaoh's dream, interpreted by Joseph as seven years of plenty — established the word's association with abundance and its providential interpretation; Milton uses kine in his pastoral passages to reach back through the English Bible to a pre-modern world where this plural was still current, lending his verse a scriptural gravity; A poet might write "the kine came home at evening with the long patience of creatures whose days are ruled by appetite and custom, their hooves printing the lane with the ordinary grace of unhurried purpose"; Tennyson employs kine in several of his pastoral and elegiac passages as a deliberate archaism — the old word evoking the ancient continuity of agricultural life against which individual loss and change are measured; The word's visual shape — four letters, a compact monosyllable — makes it metrically compact and phonetically rich, the long vowel and final nasal carrying a kind of resonant stillness that suits slow, meditative verse; In contemporary pastoral poetry, kine appears either as a self-conscious archaism that signals the poem's engagement with a long tradition, or as a genuine attempt to find the exact word — the precise Old English term for cattle in their collective, pastoral abundance — that modern alternatives cannot quite replace.
Additional Notes
Kine is a model example for students of how Old English plural forms survived into the age of print and thence into the literary tradition as conscious archaisms. The word's history — from Old English "cy" (plural of "cu") through the regularized plural "kine" to the eventually dominant "cows" — illustrates the processes of linguistic change that created the gap between literary and colloquial vocabulary in Early Modern English. Students should note that kine appears in the King James Bible (1611) because the translators chose to preserve older English forms for scriptural dignity, and that this biblical use gave the word its continuing literary authority long after it dropped from common speech. The seven fat kine and seven lean kine of Pharaoh's dream (Genesis 41) established kine's association with abundance and its providential interpretation — themes that run through pastoral poetry that draws on the biblical tradition. Students should practice identifying other such preserved plurals and verb forms (brethren, hosen, shoon) and consider why archaic forms are retained in the literary tradition when common usage has moved on. Related terms: herd, drove, neatherd, cowherd, fold.
Other Meanings of “kine”
Also Known As
cattle cows neat beeves oxen
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