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lists

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Pronunciation

Understanding ARPABET Pronunciation

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The pronunciation guide uses the ARPABET phonetic system—the same system used in speech recognition and text-to-speech applications.

Vowel Examples:
AE1 = cat, bat
EH1 = bed, head
IY1 = see, me
OW1 = go, boat
UW1 = boot, do
Stress Numbers:
0 = no stress (unstressed)
1 = primary stress (loud)
2 = secondary stress (medium)
Example:
AH0 TH IY1 N AH0
= a-THEE-na (Athena)

The stressed syllable (marked with 1) is pronounced louder and clearer than others.

Quick Definition

Lists are the enclosed area or barriers within which medieval tournaments and jousts were held.

Detailed Definition
Lists enter poetry as the defined arena of chivalric combat and the bounded field of honor. In literary tradition they represent the public space of the contest. Poets use the lists to explore themes of the entry and the exit, the watching crowd, and the cultural enclosure that has framed the poetry of the knightly trial and the spectacle of arms.
Example
Example in poetry:
The lists of the tournament enclose the formal combat in poems of chivalric spectacle; Medieval verse stages the entry and the charge inside the wooden barriers; “They rode into the lists as if riding into the sentence that would define them” illustrates public trial; Educational examples present the space as the necessary architecture of the joust; Poets return to the lists whenever honor must be proven under the eyes of the court.
Additional Notes
The lists, the enclosed barriers of the medieval tournament, create a formal and public architecture of combat. Poets who invoke the space often stage the entry into the lists as an entry into irreversible trial. Instructors may explore the relationship between the lists and the surrounding spectators. Related structures include the barrier and the general language of the tilt-yard. The image works best when honor must be proven inside a clearly marked and watched enclosure.
Also Known As
Tournament Grounds Jousting Field Contest Arena
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