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The pronunciation guide uses the ARPABET phonetic system—the same system used in speech recognition and text-to-speech applications.
Vowel Examples:
AE1 = cat, bat
EH1 = bed, head
IY1 = see, me
OW1 = go, boat
UW1 = boot, do
Stress Numbers:
0 = no stress (unstressed)
1 = primary stress (loud)
2 = secondary stress (medium)
Example: AH0 TH IY1 N AH0 = a-THEE-na (Athena)
The stressed syllable (marked with 1) is pronounced louder and clearer than others.
Quick Definition
Attributing human feelings to nature or inanimate objects, especially weather and landscape elements
Explore this topic in depth (2)
Nature Poetry
— Nature poetry is not simply poetry with scenery in it. Across centuries and cultures, poets have used birds, weather, gardens, oceans, seasons and stars to test what it means to be human—and to meet a world that may not be human-centred at all.
Gothic Poetry
— Gothic poetry turns shadows, ruins, storms and supernatural suggestion into ways of exploring human fear, longing, guilt and uncertainty. More than a collection of frightening images, it is a flexible tradition concerned with what reason cannot comfortably explain.
Detailed Definition
A literary device that projects human emotions onto natural phenomena or non-human elements, often used to reflect or amplify a character's emotional state through the external environment
Example
Example in poetry:
Pathetic fallacy in Keats’ “Ode to a Nightingale” (weeping willows); storm mirroring Lear’s rage; autumn leaves reflecting melancholy in Hardy; modern example: climate grief in Craig Santos Perez’s eco-poetry
Additional Notes
Nature reflecting human emotions inappropriately. Ruskin coined term as criticism. Now standard technique. Tip: Notice when weather/landscape mirrors characters' feelings; useful but can be overused.