Post-Structuralism in poetry denotes a theoretical and aesthetic approach emerging in the late 20th century that challenges fixed meanings, stable identities, and binary oppositions, emphasizing instead the instability of language, the deferral of signification, and the role of the reader in constructing meaning; influenced by thinkers like Derrida, Foucault, and Barthes, post-structuralist poetry often features fragmentation, intertextuality, self-referentiality, and deconstructive play, as seen in the works of Language poets such as Lyn Hejinian or Charles Bernstein, who foreground the materiality of language and question the transparency of poetic representation.

Post-Structuralism in criticism emphasizes instability of meaning, encouraging multiple interpretations of poetry.