tun

Archaic Terms
Pronunciation

Understanding ARPABET Pronunciation

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The pronunciation guide uses the ARPABET phonetic system—the same system used in speech recognition and text-to-speech applications.

Vowel Examples:
AE1 = cat, bat
EH1 = bed, head
IY1 = see, me
OW1 = go, boat
UW1 = boot, do
Stress Numbers:
0 = no stress (unstressed)
1 = primary stress (loud)
2 = secondary stress (medium)
Example:
AH0 TH IY1 N AH0
= a-THEE-na (Athena)

The stressed syllable (marked with 1) is pronounced louder and clearer than others.

Quick Definition

A large cask or barrel for wine, ale, or beer; also a unit of liquid capacity, typically 252 wine gallons, used in commercial contexts.

Detailed Definition
"Tun" derives from Old English "tunne" (large cask), referring to very large barrels used for storing and transporting liquids, particularly wine, and to the capacity measure they represented (typically 252 gallons for wine). The term appears in commercial, maritime, and domestic contexts where specific container types and measures mattered. Poets employed it when depicting abundance, commerce, or consumption where scale required emphasis—tuns held substantial quantities. Its commercial associations made it useful for narratives involving trade, wealth, or tavern life. The word's specificity—not just any barrel but specifically the largest commercial size—allowed precise description while suggesting abundance. Its archaic quality suited historical settings requiring authentic vocabulary for pre-modern commerce and storage. The term exemplifies how commercial and maritime vocabulary enriched literary language, offering concrete imagery for themes of plenty, trade, and material culture while grounding abstractions in specific historical containers and measures.
Example
Example in poetry:
A large cask or barrel, especially for wine or beer; Chaucer's innkeeper tapped a fresh tun of ale; The monastery cellars held tuns of ancient vintage; A tun of Malmsey wine, as in Clarence's legendary death; Keats might describe bacchanalian tuns brimming with wine; The coopers rolled the heavy tun into the tavern
Additional Notes
A “tun” was a large cask or barrel for storing liquids like wine or ale, also serving as a standard measure of volume. Poets sometimes used it humorously or symbolically to evoke abundance, indulgence, or festivity. The term can also suggest the material culture of taverns or trade, enriching depictions of everyday life in earlier centuries.
Also Known As
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