In 1961, Merriam-Webster published Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, a comprehensive revision of the company's unabridged dictionary. This edition, containing more than 476,000 entries, was notable for its descriptive rather than prescriptive approach, reflecting the linguistic philosophy of its editor, Philip Gove. The dictionary's approach sparked considerable controversy but also set a new standard for American lexicography.

Webster's Third's descriptive approach influenced American poets by legitimizing the use of colloquial and non-standard language in poetry. Its inclusive philosophy resonated with poets like Allen Ginsberg and the Beat poets, who sought to break free from traditional poetic diction. The dictionary's controversial reception also highlighted the tension between linguistic description and prescription, a debate that continues to shape the relationship between lexicography and literature.