The Great Schism of 1054 was a pivotal moment in Christian history, resulting in the formal split between the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches. This division was marked by mutual excommunications between the Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael I Cerularius, and Pope Leo IX, reflecting deep theological, political, and cultural differences. The schism had lasting implications for Christianity, leading to the establishment of distinct religious practices and beliefs that continue to influence the faith today.

The Great Schism influenced medieval poetry by introducing themes of faith and authority, as seen in the works of Dante and other poets who grappled with spiritual duality. This division fostered a rich tapestry of poetic discourse on the nature of belief and the human condition across different Christian traditions.