Calbuco volcano in southern Chile erupted in April 2015 after 42 years of dormancy, producing ash plumes that rose over 15 kilometers and spread across Chile and Argentina. The eruption forced evacuations of thousands of people and disrupted air travel in the region. Ash fall contaminated water supplies and damaged crops in Los Lagos Region.

The Calbuco eruption influenced contemporary Chilean poetry addressing environmental disruption and the reawakening of dormant natural forces in southern Chile. Chilean poets from the Lake District region have incorporated Calbuco's ash and fire into works exploring Mapuche cosmology, colonial displacement, and the relationship between indigenous knowledge systems and modern volcanic monitoring, contributing to Latin American eco-poetic traditions that honor indigenous perspectives on landscape and catastrophe.