On September 26, 1538 CE, an earthquake struck the town of Pozzuoli near Naples, Italy, causing significant damage. This event was associated with a volcanic eruption in the area, highlighting the complex geological forces at work in the Campanian region. The earthquake and eruption were documented by contemporary observers, providing valuable insights into the region's volcanic and seismic activity.

The 1538 event was recorded in scientific and historical accounts of the time, contributing to the early modern understanding of volcanoes and earthquakes. The eruption and earthquake were described in the works of writers like Giovanni Battista della Porta, who explored the relationship between natural phenomena and human culture. The event is a notable example in the history of science and literature, where natural disasters are often used to examine the power of nature and the limits of human knowledge.