On September 15, 1590 CE, an earthquake struck the town of Neulengbach in Austria, causing damage to the local area. This event is documented in historical records and is part of the seismic history of the Alpine region. The earthquake, while not among the most destructive, is notable for being recorded in the chronicles of the time.

The 1590 Neulengbach earthquake is mentioned in Austrian historical sources and contributes to the regional memory of natural disasters. The event is part of the background for the literature of the Habsburg monarchy, a period that saw the production of chronicles and religious texts. The earthquake is a reminder of the ever-present threat of nature in the lives of early modern Europeans, a theme that appears in the literature of the period.