In 1289, the Mongol Empire continued its expansion under Kublai Khan, influencing vast regions across Asia and Europe. This expansion facilitated trade, cultural exchange, and the movement of ideas along the Silk Road. The Mongol Empire's reach had significant implications for global interactions and the flow of knowledge.

The Mongol Empire's expansion inspired poets and writers to explore themes of conquest, cultural exchange, and the interconnectedness of civilizations. Poets like Rumi and other Persian writers reflected on the blending of cultures and ideas during this period, enriching the literary tapestry of the time. The empire's influence encouraged a dialogue between East and West in literature.