Around 200 BC, the Romans refined the design and functionality of the ballista, a type of heavy artillery capable of launching bolts and stones over long distances. This advancement in military technology allowed Roman legions to engage enemies from a safer distance, enhancing their tactical capabilities in warfare. The ballista's effectiveness contributed to Rome's military dominance and showcased the empire's engineering prowess.

The Roman refinement of the ballista around 200 BC became a symbol of imperial military might, prominently featured in Roman historical poetry and epics. Poets like Virgil and Horace utilized such imagery to reflect on themes of power, conquest, and the moral implications of warfare in their works.