In 703, the Chinese imperial examination system began to take shape, formalizing the selection of government officials based on merit rather than birth. This development occurred in the context of the Tang Dynasty and was primarily centered in the capital, Chang'an. The system aimed to create a more competent bureaucracy and had lasting implications for Chinese society and governance.

The imperial examination system emphasized the study of classical texts, including poetry, which became a crucial part of the curriculum. This focus on literary merit influenced poets like Bai Juyi, who later emerged as prominent figures in Chinese literature, and fostered a culture where poetry was not only an art form but also a means of social mobility.