The Battle of Toulouse occurred in 719, where the forces of the Umayyad Caliphate clashed with the Frankish army led by Duke Odo of Aquitaine. This battle was significant in halting the Muslim expansion into Western Europe, particularly in what is now southern France. The outcome shaped the future of Christian-Muslim relations and the political landscape of Europe.

The battle and its aftermath inspired various medieval poets and chroniclers, who depicted the heroism of Duke Odo in their works. This event contributed to the themes of chivalry and resistance found in later epic poetry, influencing the narrative style of works such as 'The Song of Roland.'