In 1960, Brazil inaugurated its planned capital city, Brasília, designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer and urban planner Lúcio Costa. The city was built with modernist architecture and a unique layout, reflecting the country's aspirations for progress and development. Brasília's establishment represented a significant shift in Brazil's political and cultural landscape, symbolizing a new era of modernization and urban planning in the mid-20th century.

The inauguration of Brasília as Brazil's planned capital city in 1960 inspired a wave of Latin American poetry that explored themes of utopian modernism and national identity. Poets like Adélia Prado and João Cabral de Melo Neto used the city's futuristic urbanism as a backdrop for their reflections on culture and society.