In 98 AD, Emperor Nerva initiated the Alimenta welfare program in Rome, which aimed to support impoverished children through public funds and private endowments. This program was a pioneering effort in social welfare, reflecting a growing awareness of the responsibilities of the state towards its citizens. It was later expanded under Trajan, setting a precedent for future welfare initiatives in the Roman Empire.

Nerva's Alimenta Welfare Programme, initiated in 98, provides context for imperial-age literature that praises or questions benevolent rule, civic obligation, childhood, and the public image of charity. Poets like Juvenal and Martial reflected on societal values and the responsibilities of leadership in their works.