Around 500 BC, the trade of frankincense and myrrh expanded significantly, facilitated by established incense routes connecting Arabia to Mediterranean civilizations. These aromatic resins were highly valued for their use in religious rituals, medicine, and luxury goods, contributing to the economy of the regions involved. The flourishing trade not only enhanced cultural exchanges but also underscored the importance of these commodities in ancient spiritual practices and daily life.

The expansion of the trade in frankincense and myrrh around 500 BC inspired biblical and classical poetry that celebrated divine gifts and exotic journeys. Poets like Homer and later biblical writers used these resins as symbols of wealth and spiritual significance.