In 1420, Ulugh Beg, a Timurid ruler, constructed a major observatory in Samarkand, equipped with a giant sextant for astronomical observations. This observatory became a center for scientific research and education, attracting scholars from various regions. Ulugh Beg's commitment to astronomy and mathematics significantly advanced the understanding of celestial bodies during the Islamic Golden Age.

Ulugh Beg's Samarkand Observatory, established in 1420, produced star catalogs that influenced Persian poetry. Poets like Omar Khayyam drew inspiration from celestial observations, intertwining themes of love and the cosmos in their verses, creating a rich tapestry of astronomical and romantic imagery.