In 1095, Islamic theologian Al-Ghazali published 'The Incoherence of the Philosophers,' a critical examination of Aristotelian philosophy. Al-Ghazali argued for the supremacy of divine revelation and mystical experience over rational philosophy, challenging the intellectual traditions of his time. His work had a profound impact on Islamic thought, influencing subsequent scholars and shaping the discourse on the relationship between faith and reason.

Al-Ghazali's 'The Incoherence of the Philosophers' critiqued rationalism and opened the door for Sufi experiential poetry, shifting Islamic literature towards passionate expressions of divine love. Poets like Rumi and Hafiz drew on these ideas, emphasizing the emotional and mystical dimensions of spirituality.