In 1597, Jesuit theologian Francisco Suárez published 'Disputationes Metaphysicae', a work that systematically reconciled various philosophical traditions, including Thomism, Scotism, and Nominalism. This publication laid the groundwork for modern natural law and international relations, influencing both philosophical and legal thought. Suárez's ideas contributed to the development of a more nuanced understanding of morality and governance.

Francisco Suárez's 'Disputationes Metaphysicae' provided a rigorous framework for moral and philosophical inquiry, influencing the intricate moral dilemmas found in Spanish Golden Age literature. Poets like Luis de Góngora and Francisco de Quevedo drew upon Suárez's ideas to enrich their works with intellectual depth.