In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty, restoring Han Chinese rule after the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. His ascension marked a significant shift in Chinese history, emphasizing Confucian values and centralized governance. The Ming Dynasty is known for its cultural and economic flourishing, including advancements in the arts, exploration, and trade. Zhu's leadership laid the foundation for a period of stability and prosperity that would last for nearly three centuries.

Zhu Yuanzhang's founding of the Ming Dynasty in 1368 initiated a conservative cultural revival that emphasized Neo-Confucian orthodoxy in literature, leading to a flourishing of classical-style poetry and drama (zaju) that reflected both nationalistic pride and social critique. This period saw the rise of poets who blended traditional forms with contemporary themes.