According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus in 753 BC, guided by an augury that saw twelve vultures, while his brother Remus saw only six. This event marks the beginning of Roman civilization and is significant for its mythological implications and historical impact, as Rome would grow to become one of the most powerful empires in history. The founding myth emphasizes themes of destiny, divine favor, and the importance of augury in Roman public life.

The founding of Rome inspired numerous Roman poets, including Virgil, whose epic 'The Aeneid' explored themes of destiny and national identity, reflecting the cultural aspirations of the Roman Empire. The augury of the vultures, recorded by Livy, has been a powerful symbol in Western poetry, influencing poets from Virgil to T.S. Eliot in their exploration of divine election and the justification of imperial power.