In 845, Emperor Wuzong of Tang initiated a campaign against Buddhism in China, ordering the destruction of monasteries and forcing monks to return to lay life. This persecution was driven by economic motives and xenophobic sentiments, reflecting the tensions between Buddhism and Confucian ideals. The crackdown on Buddhism during this period had profound implications for religious practices in China, leading to a decline in Buddhist influence and reshaping the spiritual landscape of the Tang dynasty.

The persecution of Buddhists under Emperor Wuzong of Tang in 845 led to the survival of Chan poetry, reflecting on impermanence and resilience in Chinese literary traditions. Poets like Han Shan and Baizhang Huaihai used their verses to express spiritual insights amidst societal turmoil, enriching the Buddhist poetic canon.