Pythagoras, around 530 BC, developed a musical theory that established mathematical principles governing musical intervals and harmony. His insights laid the groundwork for the study of music theory, emphasizing the relationship between mathematics and music. Pythagorean thought significantly influenced later philosophers and musicians, shaping the understanding of music as a mathematical and philosophical discipline.

Pythagoras' development of musical theory and harmony around 530 BC influenced classical poetry's exploration of universal order. Poets like John Milton drew on these concepts to weave themes of rhythm and the music of the spheres into their works, reflecting a deep connection between art and science.