In 2000, extensive wetland conversion in the Pantanal region of Brazil began, primarily driven by cattle ranching and soy farming. This transformation led to significant ecological consequences, including habitat loss and biodiversity decline in one of the world's largest tropical wetlands. The ongoing environmental impact of these agricultural practices raises critical questions about sustainability and conservation efforts in the face of economic development.

Wetland conversion in the Pantanal in 2000 inspired Brazilian literature focusing on the peril of flooded plains. Poets like Adélia Prado addressed environmental degradation, using their work to advocate for the preservation of natural habitats and to reflect on the intricate relationship between humans and their environment.