In the 1990s, decolonization efforts in Canada gained momentum, leading to the establishment of Indigenous policing models that aimed to empower First Nations communities. These initiatives sought to create law enforcement systems that reflect Indigenous values and priorities, promoting self-determination. The movement towards Indigenous-controlled policing represents a significant step in addressing historical injustices and fostering reconciliation.

The decolonization and Indigenous policing models in Canada in 1990 supported a resurgence of Indigenous literature. Poets like Lee Maracle used their work to address themes of sovereignty, reconciliation, and alternative justice, reshaping the literary landscape.