In 1960, the decolonization of Africa accelerated, leading to a wave of independence for many nations from European colonial powers. This year, often referred to as the 'Year of Africa,' saw 17 countries gain independence, marking a significant turning point in the continent's history. The decolonization movement not only reshaped political landscapes but also inspired cultural and social transformations, as newly independent nations sought to assert their identities and navigate the challenges of self-governance.

The acceleration of African decolonization in the 1960s gave rise to vibrant poetry that addressed identity and negritude. Poets like Leopold Sedar Senghor and Aime Cesaire used their works to explore cultural heritage and the complexities of post-colonial existence.