The formation of the Second Triumvirate in 43 BC was a crucial political alliance between Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus during a time of turmoil in the Roman Republic. This coalition aimed to consolidate power and eliminate their political enemies through a series of proscriptions, which resulted in the execution of many senators and prominent figures. The Triumvirate ultimately set the stage for the end of the Republic and the rise of imperial rule, as internal conflicts among the leaders led to civil war.

The Second Triumvirate in 43 BC led to political upheaval and proscriptions that deeply affected Roman society. Poets like Catullus and Horace responded with elegiac and political poetry, reflecting on the personal and societal ramifications of power struggles and loss.