The Southern Song Dynasty formally established its capital at Lin'an (modern Hangzhou) in 1138, creating a prosperous urban center despite reduced territory. Hangzhou became one of the world's largest and most sophisticated cities, renowned for its beauty and cultural achievements.

Hangzhou's refined urban culture supported flourishing literary scene with poetry clubs, publishing houses, and educated elite. The city's beauty inspired countless poems celebrating West Lake and surrounding landscapes, while its cosmopolitan atmosphere fostered literary innovation and cross-genre experimentation.