The Battle of Cascina, fought on July 28, 1364, between the Republic of Florence and the Republic of Pisa, is a minor but symbolically important engagement in the ongoing Tuscan wars. The Florentine forces, despite initial tactical difficulties, ultimately triumph, and the victory is later immortalized in a famous fresco by Michelangelo. The battle reflects the intense political rivalries and military traditions of Italian city-states.

The battle of Cascina becomes a subject for Florentine patriotic poetry, praising the valor of the city and its captains. It appears in the chronicle verse of the period, including works by Franco Sacchetti, who uses the event to celebrate Florentine republican values. The battle's glorification in art and poetry underscores the role of military conflict in shaping civic identity and literary production in Renaissance Italy.