The Treaty of Stolbovo in 1617 ended the Ingrian War between Sweden and Russia. Russia ceded territory around the Gulf of Finland, temporarily losing access to the Baltic Sea. The settlement strengthened Sweden's position as a northern European power.

The treaty helped shape the Baltic world in which Swedish, Finnish and Russian identities developed through chronicle, song and patriotic writing. Russia's later hunger for Baltic access became a recurring theme in imperial myth and historical literature.