In 1619, Johannes Kepler published Harmonices Mundi, or The Harmony of the World. The work presented his third law of planetary motion and explored mathematical harmony in nature. It joined astronomy, music, geometry and metaphysical speculation in a single intellectual vision.

Kepler's cosmic harmony enriched the imaginative background of metaphysical and scientific poetry. Writers inherited a universe increasingly governed by mathematics, yet still capable of musical analogy, wonder and spiritual interpretation.