On February 26, 1334, a peace treaty was signed in Fez between the Marinid sultan Abu al-Hasan 'Ali and King Alfonso XI of Castile. The treaty required the Marinids to refrain from offensive actions against Castile, bringing a temporary halt to the conflict over the Strait of Gibraltar. The peace lasted only a few years before skirmishes resumed.

The Treaty of Fez was a subject for Castilian and Moroccan court poetry, with verses celebrating the peace and the diplomatic skill of Alfonso XI. The treaty's existence and later violation were noted in chronicle poetry, which used the event to comment on the treacherous nature of Muslim-Christian diplomacy. The theme of truces and broken promises became a motif in frontier ballads and epic poetry.