Parnasse

French
Pronunciation

Understanding ARPABET Pronunciation

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The pronunciation guide uses the ARPABET phonetic system—the same system used in speech recognition and text-to-speech applications.

Vowel Examples:
AE1 = cat, bat
EH1 = bed, head
IY1 = see, me
OW1 = go, boat
UW1 = boot, do
Stress Numbers:
0 = no stress (unstressed)
1 = primary stress (loud)
2 = secondary stress (medium)
Example:
AH0 TH IY1 N AH0
= a-THEE-na (Athena)

The stressed syllable (marked with 1) is pronounced louder and clearer than others.

Quick Definition

A 19th-century French poetic movement advocating formal perfection, classical subjects, and artistic impersonality as a reaction against Romantic subjectivity. Named after Mount Parnassus, the mythic home of the Muses.

Detailed Definition
The Parnasse, named after the mythic mountain of the Muses, designates both the movement and the three anthologies published between 1866 and 1876 that gathered its poets. Led by Leconte de Lisle, it included Hérédia, Sully Prudhomme, Coppée, and the young Mallarmé and Verlaine before their Symbolist evolution. Against what they saw as the effusive sentimentality of the Romantics, the Parnassians advocated impersonal, formally rigorous poetry drawing on classical mythology, Oriental exoticism, and the ideal of art for art's sake proclaimed by Théophile Gautier. Their legacy includes both the formal mastery they bequeathed to French poetry and the Symbolist reaction they provoked.
Example
Example in poetry:
Leconte de Lisle's "Poèmes antiques" exemplifies Parnassian poetry in its preference for classical mythology, sculptural imagery, and formal perfection over Romantic confession: the poem describes ancient Greek and Egyptian subjects with a detached, museum-like precision that refuses emotional identification; Hérédia's "Les Trophées" is the supreme Parnassian achievement, each of its 118 sonnets a perfect gem of historical evocation, their lapidary quality and formal perfection making them the closest French poetry comes to the sculptural ideal that the movement proclaimed; The Parnassian journal "Le Parnasse contemporain," published in three series between 1866 and 1876, gathered the movement's poets around the shared principles of formal rigor, impassibility, and the rejection of what they called Romantic larmoyance, tearful sentimentality; A student comparing a Romantic poem by Lamartine with a Parnassian poem by Leconte de Lisle on the same subject, a natural landscape or a mythological scene, will observe striking differences in tone, formal organization, and the relationship between the poet's emotion and the poem's surface; The Parnassian paradox is that its apparent impersonality actually expresses a passionate aesthetic creed: the choice of formal perfection over emotional display is itself a profound statement about the nature and purpose of art that is as emotionally invested as any Romantic confession; The Parnassian movement's influence extended beyond France to Brazil, where a vigorous Parnassian school flourished in the late 19th century, demonstrating the international reach of French literary movements in a period when French culture set the global standard for literary sophistication.
Additional Notes
Parnasse refers specifically to the nineteenth-century French poetic movement associated with formal discipline, artistic detachment, and the doctrine of art for art’s sake. Students should connect the term with poets such as Leconte de Lisle and Théophile Gautier. Compare with Romantic subjectivity and Symbolist suggestiveness. The movement’s emphasis on craftsmanship makes it particularly relevant in debates about poetic impersonality, technical perfection, and whether emotional restraint enhances or diminishes artistic power.
Also Known As
Parnassianism Le Parnasse
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