Poésie parnassienne

French
Pronunciation

Understanding ARPABET Pronunciation

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The pronunciation guide uses the ARPABET phonetic system—the same system used in speech recognition and text-to-speech applications.

Vowel Examples:
AE1 = cat, bat
EH1 = bed, head
IY1 = see, me
OW1 = go, boat
UW1 = boot, do
Stress Numbers:
0 = no stress (unstressed)
1 = primary stress (loud)
2 = secondary stress (medium)
Example:
AH0 TH IY1 N AH0
= a-THEE-na (Athena)

The stressed syllable (marked with 1) is pronounced louder and clearer than others.

Quick Definition

A 19th-century French poetic movement advocating formal perfection, impassibility, and the ideal of art for art's sake, against Romantic subjectivity. Led by Leconte de Lisle and Hérédia.

Detailed Definition
The Parnassian movement emerged in France in the 1860s as a reaction against what its adherents saw as the excessive sentimentality and formal negligence of Romanticism. Grouped around the anthology Le Parnasse contemporain, poets such as Leconte de Lisle, José-Maria de Hérédia, and the young Mallarmé advocated impersonal poetry, formal rigor, and the celebration of plastic beauty drawn from history and mythology. Their ideal of impassibility and technical perfection, influenced by Gautier's art for art's sake doctrine, set the stage for the Symbolist revolution that would follow and transform French poetry.
Example
Example in poetry:
Leconte de Lisle's "Midi" exemplifies poésie parnassienne in its description of the blazing Mediterranean noon: the poem achieves its extraordinary intensity not through emotional confession but through the detached, sculptural precision of its imagery and the formal perfection of its alexandrins; Hérédia's sonnet "Antoine et Cléopâtre" demonstrates the Parnassian manner at its most concentrated: a historical scene of great drama is evoked in fourteen lines with the impersonality of a bas-relief, the emotion contained entirely within the imagery and syntax without a single first-person intrusion; Théodore de Banville's "Odelettes" represent the Parnassian cultivation of classical forms, his restoration of medieval formes fixes executed with a technical brilliance that treats formal mastery as the poet's highest obligation; A student comparing poésie parnassienne with Romantic poetry should attend to differences in the use of the first person: where the Romantic poet foregrounds the speaking "I" as the poem's emotional center, the Parnassian poet systematically removes the self, making the poem a window onto external beauty rather than a mirror of internal feeling; The Parnassian aesthetic of "l'art pour l'art," art for art's sake, inherited from Théophile Gautier's Émaux et camées, insists on the poem's autonomous aesthetic value independent of any moral, didactic, or political purpose, making beauty itself the poem's sufficient justification; Sully Prudhomme's early poetry, before his increasing philosophical concerns, shows how poésie parnassienne could accommodate personal emotion within its formal constraints: the Parnassian manner does not eliminate feeling but disciplines it, forcing it to speak through form rather than against it.
Additional Notes
Poésie parnassienne specifically reflects the aesthetic values of the Parnassian movement, including technical polish, emotional restraint, sculptural imagery, and artistic autonomy. Students should distinguish it from broader nineteenth-century French poetry, where Romantic and Symbolist tendencies coexist. Formal analysis is especially rewarding here, since craftsmanship is central to the movement’s self-definition. Compare with poésie lyrique to explore differing assumptions about emotional expression, impersonality, and the social function of art.
Also Known As
Parnassian poetry
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