Symbolist Movement

Historical And Literary Periods
Pronunciation

Understanding ARPABET Pronunciation

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The pronunciation guide uses the ARPABET phonetic system—the same system used in speech recognition and text-to-speech applications.

Vowel Examples:
AE1 = cat, bat
EH1 = bed, head
IY1 = see, me
OW1 = go, boat
UW1 = boot, do
Stress Numbers:
0 = no stress (unstressed)
1 = primary stress (loud)
2 = secondary stress (medium)
Example:
AH0 TH IY1 N AH0
= a-THEE-na (Athena)

The stressed syllable (marked with 1) is pronounced louder and clearer than others.

Quick Definition

A late 19th-century French artistic and literary movement emphasizing suggestion, mood, and the symbolic evocation of emotion. Rejected realism and celebrated refined aesthetics and mystery.

Detailed Definition
The Symbolist Movement transformed poetry through emphasis on symbolism, mood, and suggestive language. Poets cultivated refined aesthetics and musical qualities. This movement appears in poetry through use of symbols and symbolic suggestion, emphasis on mood and atmosphere, refined and musical language, focus on the ineffable and mysterious, rejection of realism, and establishment of Symbolism as influential in contemporary poetry and the development of modernism.
Example
Example in poetry:
The Symbolist Movement (late 19th century, mainly French) emphasized suggestion over direct statement, seeking to evoke emotional states and spiritual truths through highly suggestive, often musical, symbols and metaphors; Stéphane Mallarmé's poetry exemplifies Symbolist Movement ideals, using intricate, often obscure language to hint at transcendent, absolute realities beyond the material world; A poet could use the recurrent image of a 'waning moon' or 'a forgotten city' to suggest a mood of melancholy and inexpressible yearning, typical of the Symbolist Movement; The work might focus on synaesthesia (a blending of the senses)—e.g., 'a purple sound' or 'a bitter light'—to break down conventional perception, a technique favored by Symbolist Movement poets; Arthur Rimbaud's visionary and rebellious work, such as the use of 'the systematic derangement of all the senses,' profoundly influenced the goals and methods of the Symbolist Movement; A poem could employ an elaborate system of personal symbols (e.g., a specific flower always representing lost innocence) that requires deep reader engagement, a characteristic of the Symbolist Movement.
Additional Notes
The Symbolist Movement (late 19th century) emerged in France as a reaction to Realism, emphasising suggestion, mood, and the inner life. Poets like Mallarmé, Verlaine, and Baudelaire used musical language, synaesthesia, and obscure imagery to evoke emotions beyond rational understanding. Symbolism profoundly influenced modernist poets such as Yeats and Eliot, who adapted its techniques to spiritual and psychological exploration.
Also Known As
Symbolism Symbolist Era Symbolist Movement Period
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