Following the end of the Spanish Civil War, Republican resistance continued in the form of the Spanish Maquis, guerrilla fighters who waged a clandestine war against the Francoist regime from the mountains of Spain. The Maquis, who were composed of former Republican soldiers and anarchist militants, continued to fight until the 1960s, and their struggle inspired a body of clandestine poetry that celebrated their resistance. The Maquis poetry, which was often anonymous and circulated in secret, was a testament to the enduring spirit of the anti-fascist opposition.

The Maquis poetry was an important part of the underground literary culture of the Francoist years, and it kept alive the memory of the Republic and the ideals of the anti-fascist struggle. The poetry, which was often simple and direct, was designed to inspire the guerrillas and to keep hope alive among the oppressed. The Maquis poetry also influenced later poets, who saw the guerrillas as symbols of resistance and dignity.