In North Africa and Spain, the Almohad Caliphate emerged as a powerful force, unifying various Berber tribes and expanding its influence across the region. This political and religious movement aimed to reform Islam and establish a more orthodox interpretation. The Almohads played a significant role in the cultural and intellectual life of the Iberian Peninsula.

The rise of the Almohad Caliphate influenced poets like Ibn Zaydun and Al-Mu'tamid, who wrote about themes of love, loss, and the cultural richness of Al-Andalus. The period saw a flourishing of Arabic poetry, which would later inspire European poets during the Renaissance.