By 1254, Arabic numerals were becoming more widely adopted in Europe, replacing Roman numerals in various fields, including commerce and mathematics. This transition, particularly in Italy and Spain, facilitated more efficient record-keeping and calculations. The adoption of Arabic numerals represented a significant advancement in numerical literacy and education.

The introduction of Arabic numerals influenced poetry and literature by allowing for more precise expression of ideas, particularly in mathematical and scientific poetry. This change also contributed to the rise of numerically structured poetry forms, which would emerge in later literary traditions.