In 1271, Kublai Khan declared the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty in China, marking a significant shift in Chinese governance and culture. This dynasty represented the first time that the entire country was ruled by a foreign power, specifically the Mongols. The Yuan Dynasty would last until 1368 and is notable for its promotion of trade, cultural exchange, and the integration of various ethnic groups within China, profoundly impacting Chinese society and literature.

The establishment of the Yuan Dynasty influenced poets such as the famous Chinese poet and playwright Guan Hanqing, who thrived during this period. The blending of Mongolian and Chinese cultures fostered new literary forms, including the development of Yuan drama, which would inspire later Chinese poetry and theater. This cultural amalgamation enriched the literary landscape, encouraging the exploration of themes related to identity and belonging.