In 1398, Sufism, a mystical Islamic belief system, was spreading throughout the Middle East, particularly in regions like Persia and Anatolia. This movement emphasized personal experience of the divine and fostered a rich tradition of poetry and music. The popularity of Sufism during this period contributed to the cultural and spiritual landscape of the region.

Sufism had a significant impact on poetry, inspiring poets like Rumi and Hafiz to explore themes of love, spirituality, and the search for truth. The lyrical quality of Sufi poetry often reflects the mystical experiences of its authors, influencing both Persian and Turkish literary traditions.