In 1941, the development of HMX (cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine), a high-velocity military explosive, marked a significant advancement in explosive technology. HMX's superior performance compared to previous explosives made it a valuable asset for military applications. This innovation contributed to the evolution of modern explosives and their use in various military operations.

The development of HMX explosive in 1941 added layers to the depictions of advanced weaponry in mid-century speculative fiction and poetry. Poets like W.S. Merwin explored the moral implications of technological advancements in warfare, questioning the ethics of progress.