Giambattista Vico published 'The New Science' in 1725, proposing a cyclical view of history and emphasizing the role of poetry as the primary language of early humanity. Vico's ideas challenged the prevailing rationalist perspectives of his time, advocating for a more holistic understanding of human experience. His work laid the foundation for later philosophical and historical thought, influencing thinkers such as Hegel and Marx.

Giambattista Vico's 'The New Science' anticipated the Romantic movement's fascination with folk poetry and myth. His ideas influenced poets like Johann Gottfried Herder and the Brothers Grimm, who sought to capture the essence of national identity through the collection of folk traditions and narratives.