In 1227, the Japanese monk Dogen returned from China and established the Soto school of Zen Buddhism, emphasizing the practice of 'shikantaza' or 'just sitting.' Dogen's teachings focused on the impermanence of all things and the importance of direct experience in meditation. His contributions significantly shaped Zen practice in Japan, fostering a deeper understanding of mindfulness and the nature of existence.

Dogen's poetic philosophy of time and being, and his focus on direct experience, laid the spiritual and aesthetic groundwork for the Japanese haiku and waka traditions. His teachings influenced poets like Matsuo Bashō, who captured the essence of fleeting moments in nature through concise and evocative language.