Around 600, Indian Buddhist philosopher Dharmakirti made significant contributions to Buddhist epistemology, particularly the theory of valid cognition (pramana). He linked logic and perception, arguing that knowledge arises from both sensory experience and rational thought. Dharmakirti's work has had a lasting influence on Buddhist philosophy and the understanding of knowledge, shaping debates on perception and reality in both Eastern and Western thought.

Dharmakirti's development of Buddhist epistemology around 600 AD emphasized direct perception and the fleeting nature of phenomena. This focus on impermanence informed the precise, ephemeral imagery found in later Tibetan and East Asian Buddhist verse, enriching the spiritual and philosophical depth of poetry.