In 1739, Persian ruler Nadir Shah invaded and sacked Delhi, carrying away immense wealth, including the famous Peacock Throne. This event marked a significant moment in Indian history, showcasing the vulnerability of the Mughal Empire and the rise of Persian power. The sack of Delhi had lasting repercussions, influencing regional politics and contributing to the decline of Mughal authority.

Nadir Shah's sack of Delhi in 1739 accelerated the decline of Mughal central authority, leading to the fragmentation of literary patronage. This shift gave rise to regional courts in Lucknow and Hyderabad, which became new centers for Urdu poetry and the refinement of the ghazal.