In the 1570s, the colonial era in Peru saw the emergence of mercury amalgamation techniques, particularly the patio process, which significantly boosted silver mining in Potosí and other Andean regions. This method allowed for the efficient extraction of silver, leading to a dramatic increase in production that fueled European economies. The impact of this mining boom extended beyond economics, influencing social structures and colonial policies in the region.

Peruvian silver mining during the colonial era is documented in chronicles that later influenced poetry critiquing empire and indigenous suffering. Poets like José María Arguedas highlighted the cultural impact of colonization through their literary works, echoing the sentiments of later poets like Pablo Neruda, who addressed themes of social justice and identity.