In 1391, anti-Jewish pogroms in Spain led to widespread violence against Jewish communities in Castile and Aragon, resulting in mass conversions and the rise of conversos. This period of persecution was fueled by religious intolerance and socio-political tensions, profoundly impacting Jewish life in Spain. The events of 1391 marked a significant turning point in the history of Jews in the Iberian Peninsula, leading to centuries of discrimination and diaspora.

The anti-Jewish pogroms and forced conversions in 1391 Spain echoed in Sephardic poetry, where themes of lament and identity became prominent. This historical trauma influenced later converso literary voices, shaping the narrative of cultural survival in poetry.